Entrepreneuriat et gestion des organisations

Since the turn of the millennium, there has been widespread recognition that a sizeable and growing share of the global workforce is in the informal sector. To explain this, neo-liberals contend that enterprises operate in the informal sector due to high taxes, public sector corruption and too much state interference in the free market and that the consequent remedy is to reduce taxes, public sector corruption and the regulatory burden via minimal state intervention. This paper evaluates critically this neo-liberal policy approach. To do this, International Labor Organization data from 16 Latin American countries on the share of the workforce in informal sector enterprises is compared with cross-national variations in tax rates, corruption and levels of state interference using World Bank development indicators. Revealing that one in three non-agricultural workers in Latin America are employed in
informal sector enterprises and analyzing the economic and social conditions in different countries, no support is found for the neo-liberal tenets that higher tax rates, greater levels of corruption and state interference are correlated with larger informal sectors. Instead, higher levels of regulation and state intervention are associated with smaller (not larger) informal economies resulting in a tentative call for more, rather than less, regulation of the economy and state intervention to protect workers.

This paper investigates the psychological factors of female entrepreneurship, with a particular focus on personality and motivational factors — addressing a weakness in the existing literature. Through the use of two psychometric measures, the Measure of Entrepreneurial Tendencies and Abilities, and the Motives, Values and Preferences Inventory, female entrepreneurs are strongly motivated by a need for power, commerce, logical decision making, aesthetics and a need for change. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The Viet Nam stock market has been affected by the financial crisis 2007-2009. This study analyzes the impacts of tax policy on market risk for the listed firms in the construction material industry as it becomes necessary. First, by using quantitative and analytical methods to estimate asset and equity beta of total 57 listed companies in Viet Nam construction material industry with a proper traditional model, we found out that the beta values, in general, for many companies are acceptable. Second, under 3 different scenarios of changing tax rates (20%, 25% and 28%), we recognized that there is not large disperse in equity beta values, estimated at 0,957, 1,011 and 0,961.These values are lower than those of the listed VN construction firms. Third, by changing tax rates in 3 scenarios (25%, 20% and 28%), we recognized equity /asset beta mean and asset beta var increase if tax rate increases from 20% to 25%, then decrease when tax rate goes up from 25% to 28%. Finally, this paper provides some outcomes that could provide companies and government more evidence in establishing their policies in governance.