Revue internationale des sciences économiques et de gestion

The report underlined the job and the significance of consumer loyalty and devotion. Clients are the connection to business achievement. A business association should zero in on the countless clients, for this consumer loyalty and faithfulness ought to be joined along with the drawn-out objectives. This postulation was actualized to breaking down the connection between consumer loyalty and client relationship. The goal of this exploration is to consider the idea of consumer loyalty, client faithfulness and its relationship. Besides, this proposition contemplates the components that impact consumer loyalty and dedication. This proposition additionally breaks down the components that have sway on consumer loyalty and result in client devotion. Different strategies that have been generally used to gauge consumer loyalty and the resultant consequences of having steadfast clients are introduced.

The study is aimed at finding relationship between crude oil price in international market and exchange rate of Indian currency. As Indian economy is import dependent with high degree of inclination to crude oil import, the forex outgo due to this impacts Indian economy. The depreciation of Indian currency due to higher demand of USD and increasing trend of import dependency on crude oil aggravates the fiscal framework. The analysis is desired to find causality and auto regressive relationship between these two variables. The real exchange rate return has been compared in the process with real crude oil price which is found after adjusting it with CPI inflation of US. The Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model was used to identify lag relationship and subsequently lag length criteria was performed. The lag exclusion test specified the significant lag order. The granger causality and block erogeneity test was subsequently performed and the parameters were found to be block exogenous and not granger causal. This outcome was re-established with the help of variance decomposition test. However, the impulse test signifies impact of crude oil price shock on exchange rate of Indian currency and vice versa. The shock analysis also emphasizes the volatility of the parameters on its own shocks. The outcome concludes neither unidirectional nor bidirectional granger causality of the variables with no significant auto regression of the variances of the parameters. The analysis of impulse test confirms the short run impacts on exchange rate due to shock in the oil prices, henceforth which proves the fact about that demand of oil is elastic in short run, which is observed in most of the oil importing and emerging countries.

This paper explains how to minimize firm loan credit risk and aims to outline various techniques for doing so effectively. It involves credit risk management theories. In this study a sample of 265 persons who were availed loans and customers of banks was chosen to collect opinions through a structured questionnaire in Bangalore. The factors under study were default loan, credit risk, insurance charges, interest rates, credit score and documentation. The results were finding by using descriptive and correlation analysis. Results showed that a connection exists between towards credit score, insurance charges, default loan and interest rates while availing a business loan. Email conversations with consumers of the target bank are used to perform qualitative research. Based on primary data of interviews; this study recommended that these private sector banks' management learn how to protect themselves from the looming threats of excessive credit risk, the importance of which cannot be overstated, as evidenced by the findings, which can have a detrimental influence on their profitability. The thesis' findings emphasize some challenges that limit the case bank's credit risk management, as well as recommendations for further research on the case bank.

This study analyzed whether pattern of fuel use follow the fuel stacking hypothesis and factors that affect household fuel use in Woliso town by using cross-sectional data of 2018 for different sources of energy using the Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System (LAAIDS). An estimate of the model is constrained to comply with neoclassical theoretical restrictions on demand, and the model is estimated using Iterative Seemingly Unrelated Regression (ISUR). The result shows that households do not completely switch to consumption of new energies as the energy ladder hypothesis suggests rather diversify their energy consumption in a process of fuel stacking (energy mix). Additionally, the expenditure elasticity’s of demand for energies are expenditure elastic. Not only this, but also, the cross-price elasticity’s of demand for energy sources indicate that there exist energy substitution and complementarity in the study area. Furthermore, we identified prices of all energy sources (except kerosene), household total energy expenditure, and years of education, family size, and residence type as the main determinants of expenditure share of energy sources. We recommend making modern fuels easily accessible, affecting significant factors of household fuel use, environmental related rules and regulations very essential.