Journal de bioanalyse et de biomédecine

Introduction: Malaria is vector borne disease. Even though there is global step-down in malaria mortality still the African Region still continues to shoulder the heaviest burden: In 2015, this region accounted just about nine in ten malaria cases and deaths world-wide.

Methods: The primary intention of this work was to evaluate four year pattern and trends of malaria morbidity and mortality in Tigray region using backward study system from patients’ enrollment and Health Management Information System (HMIS) data. The data was interred and coded to Epi Info and exported to SPSS version 21 for statistics analysis.

Results: A total of 1.5 million malaria cases were analyzed. 78% of the cases were confirmed though liberator where as 22% of the cases diagnosis were made though clinical manifestation without liberator. The most common species of malaria morbidity is Plasmodium falciparum which accounts 71% where are the rest were other species. Morbidity in 2014/15 is 33% lower than 2011/12, mortality is 43% lower than 2011/12.

Conclusion: Although elimination and eradication were not possible, reduction of malaria morbidity and mortality were achieved. But still know it needs high-level and uninterrupted political loyalty and changeless attention, deep programmatic attempts in affected arena for eradication and riddance of malaria.

The investigation on the binding mode between drug and protein is extremely important to understand biopharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the drug as well as the relationship of structure and function of the protein. It is well proved that biological activity is a function of the chemical structure or structural properties. There is a study on the interaction of cefepime hydrochloride with serum albumin using in-silico molecular docking. But up to date, there is hardly any interaction investigation of cefepime hydrochloride with serum albumin utilizing by fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism. In this study, the interaction of cefepime hydrochloride with bovine serum albumin in aqueous solution has been investigated by molecular spectroscopy under different pH conditions. The quenching rate constant and binding constant calculated at pH 7.4 indicated the static quenching mechanism and medium binding force. The effect of cefepime hydrochloride on the conformation of bovine serum albumin was analyzed using fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, threedimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism. In addition, influence of pH on the binding of cefepime hydrochloride to bovine serum albumin was investigated and the binding ability of the drug to bovine serum albumin deceased under other pH conditions (pH 1.9, 3.5, and 9.0) as compared with that at pH 7.4. As compared with the binding ability of cefepime hydrochloride to native bovine serum albumin that of cefepime hydrochloride to denatured bovine serum albumin deceases dramatically. Furthermore, the effect of metal ions on the binding constant of cefepime hydrochloride with bovine serum albumin was investigated.

A cytosolic NADP+ dependent malic enzyme has been purified and characterized from an oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32 to investigate its role in lipid biosynthesis. The enzyme has selective and high affinity for NADP and L-malate. Sesamol, a nonoil component of sesame seed oil, has been used during nitrogen depleted condition to evaluate inhibition of malic enzyme and lipid production. Sesamol did not inhibit purified malic enzyme. Sesamol was converted into catechol like metabolite to impart enzyme inhibition and thus lipid production by decreased supply of NADPH+.

To date dopaminergic therapy has shown unsatisfactory effect on vascular Parkinsonism symptoms and related disturbances. In this case series we describe the effect of rotigotine treatment in patients with subacute onset of Parkinson’s like movement (3-6 months) after ischemic stroke of thalamus or internal capsule areas with concomitant leukoencephalopathy. Rotigotine treatment seems to improve both motor and cognitive symptoms of our sample; further studies are needed to clarify the effect of continuous dopaminergic stimulation on nigro-striatal functions in vascular patients with Parkinsonism like disturbances.

Background: The recognized effects of inappropriate use of antibiotics are multiple: rapid emergence of resistance, selection pressure on resistant microorganisms, adverse reactions, and treatment failures. An effective approach to improving antimicrobial use in hospitals is an organized antimicrobial management program known as Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS). It is used by healthcare institutions to reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use, improve patient outcomes and reduce adverse consequences of antimicrobial use.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare professionals towards antimicrobial stewardship and their predictors in Fitche hospital. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was designed based on an endorsed anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Stratified random sampling with proportional allocation was applied for sampling. The inclusion criteria for this study are all healthcare professionals who are willing to participate in the study excluding laboratory technicians and radiologists. Data was collected from April 20 to May 24, 2016, compiled, analyzed (using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression) and presented using frequency table, figures and charts.

Results: There were a total of 107 participants. 64.5% of the respondents were males. More than half of participant had good knowledge (68.2%), 16% had positive attitude towards antimicrobial stewardship and 78% of Health Care Professionals had good practices related to antimicrobial stewardship. Age (p=0.354 SD=0.4), profession (p=0.52) and years of experience (p=0.125) are not significant predictors of health care professionals knowledge, attitude and practices towards Antimicrobial Stewardship.

Conclusion and recommendation: Despite the fact that the practice of Antimicrobial Stewardship is not implemented and well developed in most of hospitals and healthcare facilities, the level of Knowledge Attitude Practice towards the Antimicrobial Stewardship was good. However, surprisingly, in spite of the casual knowledge and selfreported practices of our study participant’s, attitude with regards to antibiotic use were found to be unsatisfactory.

Several types of iron oxides can be found in the various parts of the human brain. These can be highlighted in the light microscopy and using scanning or transmission mode of the electron microscopy. Some of them are non-magnetic, some, on the contrary, display magnetic response. It is not clear which kind of magnetic particles are accumulated in the human brain as inorganic deposits. Light microscopy, electron microscopy and sensitive Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID magnetometer) were used in order to detect iron deposits and their magnetic response in the samples extracted from the Globus pallidus of the human brain. Electron microscopy reveals a presence of the single crystals of hematite (α-Fe2O3) of the size up to 1000 nm in the samples extracted from G. pallidus because of the diffractograms characteristic for the hexagonal unit cell; this mineral offers basically a diamagnetic response. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility allows a classification of the samples into three groups: mostly diamagnetic I, prevailing paramagnetic III, and an intermediate class II. The bulk samples exhibit a long-range magnetic ordering with magnetic hysteresis evidenced not only at low temperature but also at the room temperature. The recorded magnetic functions refer either to the presence of magnetite (Fe3O4), or maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). Iron oxides and oxidohydroxides found as inorganic deposits in the human brain can result from interaction between iron and microenvironment in the form of polysaccharides of glycoconjugates. They display magnetoactivity characteristic for magnetite and/or maghemite.