Médecine pulmonaire et respiratoire

Acute Exacerbation Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Identified in Patients Managed at the Fann Pneumology Department, Dakar, Senegal

Abstract

Dia Kane Y, Thiam K*, Diallo M, Mbaye FBR, Cissé MF, Niang S, Ndiaye EM, Ndao M, Ka W, Diatta A and Touré NO

COPD is an inflammatory disease that can progress with episodes of aggravation known as acute exacerbation (AE). COPD can lead to hospitalizations and death. This work has been carried out to guide actions to prevent AECOPD by highlighting their etiological factors. It was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study including patients with COPD among those hospitalized at the Respiratory Clinic of NHUC of Fann from May 1, 2016, to October 31, 2017. During these 17 months, 90 cases of AECOPD were reported, representing a hospital prevalence of 4.1%. The sex ratio was 21.5. The mean age was 64.1 ± 8.9. The number of exacerbations increased with age and was higher in patients aged 70 years and older. One or more etiologic factors for AECOPD were found in the same patient. Bacterial superinfection occurred in 52.2% of patients. CBS was performed in 36 patients (40%) and returned positive in 13 cases with a predominance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The number of patients admitted to the service for AECOPD was positively correlated to the levels of PM10 particulate pollution measured at the Medina and Republic stations with correlation coefficients of 0.8 and 0.9 respectively. Therapeutic disruption was found in 31 patients (34.4%), linked to the high cost of medication in 24 of them (77.4%).