Système et gestion des télécommunications

Blending realities through the integration of augmented reality and virtual reality has garnered significant attention in recent years. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the immersive experiences offered by AR and VR technologies and their impact on various domains. By examining a range of scholarly articles, this review highlights the key findings, methodologies, and theoretical frameworks employed in the study of blended realities. It also explores the challenges and potential future directions in the field. The synthesis of this literature reveals the transformative potential of blended realities and their implications for enhancing user experiences, educational settings, healthcare applications, and entertainment industries. This section focuses on studies that investigate the immersive experiences offered by augmented reality. It explores various applications such as gaming, industrial training, and navigation systems. The section highlights the impact of AR on user engagement, presence, and cognitive load. It also examines the theoretical frameworks, methodologies, and user evaluations employed in the research. Here, the focus shifts to the immersive experiences of virtual reality. The section delves into VR applications in gaming, simulations, training, and therapy. It explores the factors influencing presence, embodiment, and emotional responses within virtual environments. The section also discusses the role of hardware, software, and interaction techniques in enhancing VR experiences.

The goal of human-centered artificial intelligence is to shift AI development's focus away from technology and toward people. However, it is unclear whether the principles and practices of HCAI currently in use are sufficient to achieve this objective. We conducted a qualitative survey of AI developers and users to see if HCAI is sufficiently human-centered. Additionally, we conducted a thematic content analysis on their responses to learn more about their distinct priorities and experiences. We were able to compare user experiences with HCAI in principle and practice. We discovered that positive user experiences were characterized by the social impact of AI, but this was less of a priority for developers. In addition, our findings indicated that making AI more human-centered necessitates enhancing its user-centered functionality. In fact, users were more worried about understanding AI than about being understood by AI. Developers showed an "avoidance of harm" perspective by being concerned with ethical, privacy, and security concerns in accordance with HCAI guidelines. However, our findings suggest that in order for HCAI to truly be human-centered, it must place a greater emphasis on the needs of individuals.

Due to the ever-increasing demands placed on the quality of reception of radio and TV waves, and that these demands are manifested by a considerable number of complaints against obstacles, especially in those countries that have a highly developed radio-television network, the factors that can reduce the efficiency of reception of transmissions, for example: radio broadcasting and the efficiency of many other services, attract more and more attention. High-voltage power lines cause significant high-frequency radio-television obstacles, therefore, the current and future high-voltage lines that are planned to be built will require better choices to be taken into account during design (alternative) in such a way that the problem of obstacles is reduced. Weather deterioration (rain, humidity) significantly increases the electrical discharges and in this case the interference field also increases, which negatively affects the propagation of radio and TV waves. The corona effect as a phenomenon intensifies especially in cases of bad meteorological conditions, in this case, in addition to the noise in the vicinity of the airline where the corona effect occurs, the smell of ozone can also be felt, then the electromagnetic waves that prevent the reception of radio and TV signals appear. As you can see, the corona has harmful consequences, so it is undesirable in the work of air lines, especially in high voltage ones. The purpose of this scientific research is to analyze the negative effects of the corona effect on the propagation of radio and TV waves and the possibility of limiting or reducing these negative effects.

The widespread use of mobile phones and cordless phones has raised concerns regarding their potential health effects, particularly the risk for developing glioma, a type of brain tumor. This abstract provides an overview of the existing evidence and research on the association between mobile phone and cordless phone use and the risk for glioma. Numerous epidemiological studies have investigated the possible link between mobile phone and cordless phone use and glioma risk. These studies typically involve comparing the phone usage patterns and exposure history of individuals diagnosed with glioma (cases) to a control group. The findings from these studies have been mixed, with some suggesting a potential increased risk, while others report no significant association. Case-control studies, which compare the phone usage of glioma cases and controls, have been commonly used to assess the association. Some case-control studies have reported a modestly increased risk for glioma with longterm mobile phone use, especially with heavy and prolonged exposure. However, other studies have found no overall association. Methodological limitations, recall bias, and the challenges of accurately assessing long-term exposure are factors that may contribute to the variability in study outcomes.

An important part of a ship's support for voice, data, fax, and video integration services are satellite communication antennas. From the vibration measurement data, condition monitoring of mechanical equipment is essential for ensuring safe operation and avoiding unexpected breakdowns. As a result, the ship-based satellite communication antenna condition monitoring system is designed and developed. In the transmission train of a satellite communication antenna, planetary gearboxes play an important role. However, due to its complexity and lack of condition feature, condition monitoring of planetary gearboxes remains challenging. The ensemble multiwavelet analysis approach proposed in this paper makes it possible to monitor the condition of planetary gearboxes. Multiwavelet has an advantage over characterizing the non-stationary signal due to the property of multi-resolution analysis and the multiple wavelet basis functions. The adaptive multiwavelet basis function is constructed by increasing multiplicity, and the ensemble multiwavelet transform is used to process the vibration signal in order to enable accurate condition feature detection and multi-resolution analysis across the entire frequency range. To describe the state of the planetary gearbox, the normalized ensemble multiwavelet transform information entropy is finally calculated. The experimental planetary gearbox's condition is monitored to first confirm the proposed method's efficacy. The results of this method's application to ship-based satellite communication antenna planetary gearbox condition monitoring demonstrate its viability.

Different QoS metrics are taken into consideration by a number of QoS routing techniques as a result of the variety of Internet application quality-ofservice requirements. On the other hand, correctness cannot be guaranteed by simply adjusting existing multi-path routing techniques to maintain multiple QoS metrics. Improve the Qos Using Multipath Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network is proposed as a solution to this issue. Due to signal intrusion, which causes packet drop and communication failures, most wireless transactions have link losers. As a result, wireless multimedia applications will benefit greatly from concurrent routing alongside multi-path, which will significantly improve the capacity to handle these failures. Through the multimedia transaction that takes place between two nodes, multi-path communication helps to provide the substantial bandwidth that is required. Even though a single route could provide connectivity, multi-path transmission also balances traffic load, which can help the network last longer. Ant Colony Optimization uses the route preference option to select the multi-path in this strategy. Node residual energy, bandwidth, and next-hop accessibility are used to evaluate this route preference possibility. An indicator is used to compare the load on the next route in order to evenly distribute the data traffic across the sender-to-receiver connections. The simulation results show that reduces the network's average delay and route load function.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the educational landscape, forcing teachers to adapt to new teaching modalities and face various challenges. Amidst these changes, the impact of the pandemic on the teacher's voice and communication abilities is often overlooked. This article examines the effects of COVID-19 on the teacher's voice, explores the self-perception issues that arise, and highlights the vital role of speech therapy in addressing voice and communication challenges. The shift to online teaching and the use of masks in physical classrooms have presented obstacles for teachers in projecting their voices clearly and effectively. Moreover, the increased use of video conferencing platforms and recorded lessons has led to heightened self-perception concerns among teachers, leading to self-doubt and a loss of confidence in their communication skills. Speech therapy emerges as a crucial intervention for teachers during these trying times. By working with speech therapists, teachers can receive guidance and support in addressing voice-related issues, improving speech clarity, enhancing vocal projection, and acquiring effective communication strategies tailored to online and hybrid teaching contexts. The goal is not only to help teachers regain their confidence but also to enhance their overall teaching effectiveness. By acknowledging and addressing the impact of the pandemic on the teacher's voice, educators can receive the necessary support to excel in their profession and continue providing high-quality education to their students. Speech therapy plays a significant role in helping teachers overcome self-perception challenges, develop effective communication skills, and create engaging learning environments, ensuring that education remains uninterrupted even during challenging times like the COVID-19 pandemic.

This abstract presents an overview of the transformative impact of 5G technology on global connectivity and its potential to unlock infinite possibilities. As the next generation of wireless communication, 5G offers lightning-fast connections that revolutionize various industries and empower individuals worldwide. This paper explores the key features and capabilities of 5G, including ultra-low latency, high data rates, and massive device connectivity. It examines the transformative potential of 5G in sectors such as healthcare, transportation, manufacturing, and entertainment. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and implications associated with the deployment of 5G networks, including security concerns and infrastructure requirements. By enabling faster and more reliable connections, 5G has the power to reshape our digital landscape and create new opportunities for innovation and growth.

With the advent of external connectivity in modern automobiles, security experts from academia and the business world grappled with the problem of external communication interfaces exposing internal networks used to control vehicle systems. With the introduction of cellular connectivity, proof-of-concept and demonstrations of remote takeover of the vehicle have been shown, raising awareness about the risks associated with the introduction of external connectivity on the vehicle system, despite the fact that these issues are thought to have little to no impact on the functioning of the vehicle itself due to their requirement of a physical connection. Security researchers demonstrated that a number of flaws in the Controller Area Network (CAN), one of the most widely used in-vehicle communication protocols, could be exploited in all of these remote attacks. In these works, the authors show how to put people inside and outside of modern vehicles in danger by using drive-by-wire features. Several researchers developed algorithms to prevent the injection of malicious CAN messages in order to address this issue. However, these solutions only focus on CAN communication and do not take into account all of the other subsystems that an attacker could use to hijack the vehicle system.

New forms of power systems have seen moderate changes in relation to several aspects of contradictory Cyber–Physical Power Systems as a result of the development of communication networks, metering, and smart control systems, as well as the widespread use of Internet-based structures. The cyber and power sections of these structures typically connect. CPPSs have to deal with new problems like stability, resiliency, dependability, vulnerability, and security. Accurate modeling techniques and an examination of the interaction mechanisms associated with the cyber-security of Smart Grids are crucial for studying, analyzing, and proposing solutions to these issues. Cyber-security in energy systems is the subject of this paper, which aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the various approaches to solving the problem. In addition, various cyberattack model characteristics and their applicability are technical discussed and analyzed. In SGs and power systems, cutting-edge cyber security methods like block chain and quantum computing are mentioned, and recent research directions are highlighted. The most important methods for solving problems and defense mechanisms are shown. Finally, a few points about the significance of cyber-security for SGs in the future are discussed.