Journal de recherche médico-légale

Background: Forensic serology and DNA profiling are extremely important branches of forensic science. Forensic serology has been a major area of forensic science biology for many decades. Forensic serology is traditionally been concerned with the identification and individualization of biological evidence. The use of DNA technology in forensic science evidence examination is the most beneficial and an important part as compared to the forensic serology division.

Main body of the abstract: The biology branch of the forensic science laboratory performs serological and DNA analysis of physiological fluids for identification and individualization. Forensic techniques for DNA profiling which being developing around 1985 have replaced the classical or traditional genetic system previously used such that forensic serology. DNA typing can help to bring home the guilt, acquit the innocent those wrongly convicted.

Conclusion: In this article we’ll review two techniques of forensic science which are the basis of forensic serology and DNA typing as important forensic evidence. Apart from all available techniques DNA profiling for evidence easily give the result. Forensic DNA profiling is used to bring major benefits to society by helping to convict serious criminals.

Novel techniques for personal identification are being researched using the latest available imaging devices. These studies may assist with disaster victim identification in future mass disasters. Studies have already been conducted on the use of advanced imaging for positive identification in forensic pathology using radiographic image recognition and other identification or authentication techniques. These techniques are based on information extracted from biological fingerprints through digital radiography and other advanced imaging techniques such as CT and MRI. Although, image matching and identification in advanced digital images is still in the initial stages of development, it has shown promising results in preventing medical accidents and for identifying specific patients. These techniques may be effective for positive identification in the fields of forensic pathology, forensic odontology, and forensic anthropology.

This research examines the two-fold question of why people are so poor at detecting deception and why the indirect assessment of veracity may be more accurate than direct assessment. Four statements made by criminal defendants, two true and two deceptive, were rated by participants on a nine item test of veracity. Eight of the items were derived from Criterion-Based Content Analysis and Reality Monitoring, two techniques of verbal content analysis that exhibit good reliability. Scores on these eight items represented the indirect measure of truthfulness while a ninth item, the direct measure, asked participants to rate the overall truthfulness of each statement. Results indicated that the indirect assessment of truthfulness accurately classified a higher percentage of the statements made by the criminal defendants than the direct assessment while also accounting for more of the variance in the rating. The superior accuracy of indirect assessment, however, resulted from its greater ability to accurately identify truthful rather than deceptive statements. Further, the results suggest that direct assessment overwhelmingly relies on a single variable of realism while largely failing to use the seven other items, while indirect assessment utilizes all eight items approximately equally. The results also suggest that a one-step cognitive process is used in determining that a statement is true but that a two-step process is used in determining a statement is deceptive. These results support the idea that people are poor at detecting deception because identifying a statement as deceptive literally requires more cognitive effort than assuming veracity. Indirect assessment is more reliable since it permits the use of multiple sources of information rather than relying on a single attribute.

Ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity are versatile. Autoimmune disorders like pemphigus present themselves with multiple different variants of ulcerative lesions. The diagnosis of such lesion at an early stage is very important to treat the disease condition faster and wiser. It affects the quality of life of patients. This paper pemphigoid case is discussed which was confined to the oral cavity. The final diagnosis was made using histopathology. Later the patient was given steroids and immunosuppressants for the management of the disease. Conclusion-Oral medicine experts or dentists play an important role in diagnosing autoimmune disorders. An early diagnosis and treatment can help the patient recovering soon and it also further improves the patient's quality of life.