Revue des arts et des sciences sociales

This article is about the Iranian enamels history with scrutiny the history of metal in Iran. It was checked in two parts: before Islam and after Islam in Iran. The Iranian enamels history was checked before Islam in Medes, Achaemenid and Sasanid ages, and after Islam in Seljuq, Safavid, Qajar ages.

Political party financing is the process of funding the parties and the candidates that contested under their platform. However, in most developing democracies, elections and political party financing are marred with heavy allegations of corruption. The objective that this paper examined was the process of political party financing and how it’s influenced or affected by corruption taking the 2015 General Elections as the case study in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. The methodology adopted for this work is the use of qualitative method of data collection and analysis. Data were obtained from primary sources using field work. The data obtained was analysed and discussed. The research discovered that, there was massive corruption in the 2015 General Elections unprecedented in the history of the country running in trillions of Naira (billions of Dollars). The research recommends that political party financing be monitored and strict regulations should be introduced to punish the offenders

Media is actually covered the whole world. Media is considered as the fourth pillar of the state. It is very difficult to imagine the life without mass media. Our society depends on the media for getting information and for entertainment. Due to the great advancement and development in media there is a great change among the life of people. It is used to make public opinion, influence and change their attitudes. Media provides services to the viewers who are trying to understand the world. Media has both positive and negative impact on the viewers. Media also effect on the viewer’s behavior, more than ever before. Television is the most important medium of electronic media. It is a medium through which people see pictures and also listen the audio simultaneously. It is one of the most up to date means of communication. With the help of TV people can see different events happened in distant places where the access of common people is not possible. TV saves the precious time of busy/modern man. There are many advantages of TV and positive aspects but on the other hand TV has also adverse impacts on people. TV educates or inform the people about the current situation of their country and makes their views or reactions about them. Islamic thinker Dr. Shamsher Ali says, “Television has many good effects but it has also many bad effects. It fully depends on our adoption and adjustment.” There are two types of media print or electronic media. Print media has its own importance but due to the boom success of electronic media. It captures all the attention of people in society

In the process of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), classroom interaction takes an important place. Teachers need to apply appropriate classroom interaction to facilitate language learning in reality since interaction is in the heart of communication in an era of communicative language teaching. Therefore, the purpose of this study was conducted to assess teachers’ application of classroom interaction on developing the students speaking skills in Tullu Sangota Primary school grade 8. Specifically, the study was intended to assess whether the teacher uses a variety of classroom interactions. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a descriptive survey method was used and the data were gathered through questionnaires, classroom observation, and interview. Both open-ended and close-ended questionnaires were distributed to the sample students and semi-structured interview questions were employed with sample English teachers. Observation was also held based on checklist and chosen criteria in accordance with the objective of the study. To assess teachers’ application of classroom interaction on developing students speaking skills, 100 sample students from grade 8 and 4 English teachers were taken for the study from Tullu Sangota Primary Schools. The collected data was analyzed using percentage and frequency. Based on the information gathered through the above instruments and its results and discussion, the findings of the study revealed that teachers rarely played their role to develop the students speaking skills in the classroom due to lack of awareness, having negative attitude toward classroom interaction, lack of simple materials to practice classroom interaction, low participation of the students in the class, and lack of access of teaching aids inhibits the teachers to apply classroom interaction. Based on the implications of the findings, recommendation was made to language teachers, students, Tullu Sangota Primary, Ministry of Education and concerned bodies. Finally, on the bases of the findings, it was recommended that in order to improve the students speaking skill: The students have to practice in classroom interaction to develop their speaking skill in the target language by actively participating in the classroom speaking. In addition, teachers also ought to play a prominent role to improve the students speaking skill by using an appropriate classroom interaction which give equal chance for the students to participate actively in the classroom interaction.

The article features color combination and painting techniques of the Kazakh artists, such as Muratbayev, Muratbayev, Bube Belly, Akzhan Fbdieva and Nartay Zhardemov. Realization of color combinations can be accomplished through the following way: all of creative works/images, which come together in tone and color correlations, are proportional to visual image; the main integrity of fine art works is only the image in the soul of the artist - “work in soul”. The main part of Art works/paintings is being in harmony within themselves. Hence, the artists of modern era in Kazakhstan have been able to use harmony techniques in their art works. A person is in harmony with nature. It can be seen from mountain shapes, valleys, trees and grasses, animals and birds, which are perceptive to human brain and human eyes. Crucial factors have been rhythm and symmetry, the eternal harmony of creators. The universal manifestation of rhythm and symmetry leads to single order of all that are present in nature. 21st century’s Art of Independent Kazakhstan is expressed through аesthetics, language, implements of the high visual art. Art of Independent Kazakhstan is covering continuity of cultural, political, historical signs of the modern art. Therefore, paintings of Independent Kazakhstan are unique in their structure. They have been developed for 25 years in correlation with other art forms, improving the new directions, as well as forms and genres. The art works and paintings of Independent Kazakhstan form their own aesthetic language, specific modern methods, national traditions and particular art language of the graphic works, as well as the new directions of Kazakhstan’s paintings that have resulted from certain specific factors. That is why it is important to understand the main directions of Visual Art of Independent Kazakhstan’s artists, along with the color combination and painting techniques that they have used. Hence, that is what this paper is addressing.

Nigeria is the Africa’s most populous nation with approximate 180 million citizens (CIA World FactBook, 2015) and diverse. Around 50% of them are Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba and Igbo tribes. These tribes dominated two main regional parts of the country namely: North and South. Muslims majority from the North and/or minority in the South account for more than 50% of the entire population, 40% are Christians mainly in the South with significant amount in the North. 10% are traditional African believes. Despite various efforts and concerns show by local and international human rights groups, women, who account almost half of the entire population, are generally lagged behind in all aspects of life (economically, socially, politically and intellectually). The current dimensional studies lead to discover that modern Nigerian women are on the lowest rung of poverty condition. Intellectually, higher proportion of Nigerian men goes to school than that of women, thus neither their participation in forming nor administering the government is yet matured. Perhaps, religion and tradition are used as instruments of women oppression in Nigeria.

This article is about the problem translated the theory of cognitive phenomena dissonance referring to the idea of the role and importance of the process of translation. Literary translation cognitive dissonance examples of Uzbek writers of the French language and French writer analysis of samples taken from the works have been translated into. Studied the causes of contradictions and expressed views on ways to reduce them.

When asked about the conclusion they reached, the lesson they learned, or the philosophy they created, based on their experience with death, regarding the existence or non-existence of another life after death, their responses varied according to their cultural and religious (or non-religious) backgrounds. Some of them denied the existence of another life, and considered that the person who dies... dies... but he remains alive in the memory of his beloved ones or in the memory of the generations if he has achieved in his life what makes him immortal. In other words, the other life, in the view of those, is a "thought" rather than a "being." Others were nihilistic, melancholic, and considered that death is equivalent to total absence or vanishing. The larger proportion, as expected, considered that other life is a fact and a reality, and that those who leave the earthly life move to live in peace and tranquility with their predecessors. But again, nobody ever mentioned sensual details in any aspect of the other life as they see it.

This study investigates the “Impact of social media advertisements on university students of Lahore”. The main aim of this research was to find out the attitude and behavior change in university students of Lahore regarding advertisements on social media through KAP survey using questionnaire as a tool of data collection and stratified random sampling as technique. It covers demographic characteristics like gender and age group of the respondents. For age the researcher has selected Age group (18-25 y) as young adults and (26-35 y) as adult students because sample comprises of university students only, for gender researcher has selected male and female respondents. The research questions are “What is the attitude of users of social media towards advertisements?” and “To which extent users feel change in their behavior after encountering ads on their home page?” The data was analyzed through univariate and bivariate statistical procedures and results are presented in frequencies, cross tabs and findings of hypothesis testing through correlation. The findings exposed that user’s exposure to social media advertisements leads them to attitude as well as behavior change in age group (26-35 y). Moreover, results also revealed that male students are more affected by exposure to social media ads than female students.

This paper examined the challenges around the effective implementation of strategies put in place by Nigerian government to combat the twin menace of drought and desertification the North-east geo-political zone of Nigeria. It then proffered solutions to the challenges as established from the survey carried out in the zone. The introduction to the subject under discuss reviewed the extent to which the twin phenomenon were ravaging the zone and efforts of government so far which has not yielded the expected results. The study adopted the survey design approach. Population of the study was the North-east geo-political zone of Nigeria comprising six states: Adamawa, Borno, Bauchi, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe. Purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of sample size comprising of six local councils from Adamawa, Bauchi and Gombe states; the reason being that they share common characteristics on the challenges of drought and desert encroachments. Cluster sampling technique was adopted in selection of 1,200 respondents of which 72.6% response rate was recorded. The research instrument used was a structured and validated questionnaire complemented by a structured interview schedule. The study finding the following challenges: Poor funding of government programs, Government field agents not managing the trees planted in other to productively achieve its set objective, citizens mismanagement of facilities put in place by government to curb the menace, indiscriminate falling of trees planted by government, sparse rain fall experienced in region. The study, thus recommended that to curb the challenges of implementation the following must be considered: citizen participation at the implementation stage of every project initiated by government to curb these menace. The public must be Educated government actions and strategies, An alternative to firewood for cocking in the zone must be provided, a special joint taskforce of federal, state and local are policing of the forests must be put in place as a matter of urgency to check the indiscriminate falling of the trees also effective monitoring and evaluation of the activities of government agents deplored to implement these strategies must be put in place.

The word development has become a blazing topic in the milieu of scholars, think tanks and civil society in Bangladesh for the last couple of years. Even some development experts claimed to modify the present development approaches in Bangladesh. The purpose of this paper is to identify the problems of the conventional development system in Bangladesh and to provide a model of development that will serve the people best. To address the aims of this study both qualitative and quantitative method is used. Where both the primary and secondary data used for this study, after analyzing the data, this paper argues that a number of flaws remain in conventional growth based development system in Bangladesh. Such as, not all growth is positive, an increase of personal income does not translate into well-being, and absence of inclusive development. In addition, the faults can eradicate by introducing freedom of choice. Because if the freedom of choice ensues then the inclusive development, human development, as well as good governance, would develop in Bangladesh.

In the progressive era of 21st Century where everyone agrees upon racial discrimination being a menace, this topic demands still demands attention from every responsible individual as inequity continues. This paper deals with the laws enacted to prevent racial discrimination in UK. Different instruments of law i.e, ICCPR and ECHR are elaborated in the paper. The aim is to analyze the efficacy of these laws and to scrutinize them to minimize the racial discrimination.

This paper focuses on the needs of modification of curriculum and education system of the madaris in Lahore. As the changing situations of peace across the globe along with the advent of 9/11, so madrassa educational system has gained much attention because of purported relationship between the madrassah students and terrorism. Appositeness between the educational prospects of madrassas and terrorism has become an igneous argument. In this manner, a quantitative research design is implemented for investigating the target result. The data was collected by the researcher himself while conducting face to face interviews with the 107 respondents. This interview based on open-ended questions. So the population of the present research comprised of 107 participants from the district Lahore. The data analyzed in descriptive statistic tables and by applying chi-square test. Hence, this study would be an incentive in illuminating a contrastive study on madrassah education and modern studies which can help the graduate students in dealing effectively with the challenges of modern world. In addition to this, some productive suggestions exist in the proceeding chapters too. SPSS used for the systematic evaluation of the data.

This research paper is an effort to analyze the Third Cinema1 approach and Anti-colonial theory by a comparative study between Bapsi Sidhwa’s Ice-Candy-Man and its visual adaptation Earth 1947 by Deepa Mehta. The paper explores the objectives of the mentioned theories/approaches and terms them as two trains towards one destination. The statement metaphorically refers to the geographical resemblance between the Anti-colonial theory and Third Cinema approach (as both deal with the issues of Third World countries) and ideological similarities between them in respect of their goals and aims. The article examines Anti-Colonial theory as a counter-narrative2 in the domain of Post-Colonial Studies. Similarly, it analyzes Third Cinema approach as a counter-projection in Third Cinema studies because it deconstructs the false and biased projection of the issues of Third World by dominant cinema and reconstructs a new version of projections based on reality. The paper shows that these theories challenge the notion of colonialism and create awareness among the suppressed and marginalized people and finally prepare them to take action, to define their identity and to resist against the colonial cruelties.

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a lead project of “One Belt One Road (OBOR) Initiative” formally announced in April 2015. The multibillion US Dollar project of CPEC offers much needed avenues of economic growth and political stability for Pakistan and the region at large. Much is known about the promises which the project offers to Pakistan, however, very little academic discussion is found on the aspects that what benefits China will accrue being the financer of the project. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to analyze Chinese economic and geo-strategic objectives from the CPEC, carrying out discussions under the broader framework of OBOR Initiative. The study uses qualitative methods of investigations to find out some of the very important Chinese ambitions from the Belts and Roads Initiative. The project is the practical manifestation of the Chinese vision of “Peaceful Rise” and regional integration which is expected to usher a win-win situation for the partnering countries. The paper concludes that if the perceived objectives are attained, it will prove to be a “game changer” for the region and World at large, marking a new era of World Development led by China.