Journal d'immunobiologie

Cancer Vaccination: Various Platforms and Recent Advances

Abstract

Taravat Khodaei, Bahareh Sadri, Shirin Nouraein, Negin Vahedi and Javad Mohammadi*

Cancer immunotherapy has branched into various categories, and one of the most promising and also frustrating approaches is cancer vaccination. Vaccination has saved a million lives in the world. However, Cancer Vaccine technology has gone a long and challenging way to reach today’s place. A lot of failures in this therapy, galvanized scientists to find more efficient methods for better targeting and precise antigen and adjuvant selection. Divergent platforms and various vaccine types have been tested during the last thirty years. Dendritic Cells, Long/Short peptides, whole tumor cell lysate, viral-based, and Genetic-based vaccines are the most common vaccine types. Novel approaches in cancer vaccination are mainly based on personalized vaccination, Nano-carrier usage, and combination therapy. Moving from TAAs to Neoantigens made scientists achieve more immunogenic vaccines and transferring from bare antigen usage into Nano-/micro- vaccine platforms provided scientists with better targeting and localized vaccines. Also, progresses in the biomaterial field pave the way for developing a more functional vaccine. In this review paper, main vaccine types and novel strategies in cancer vaccine production have been briefly discussed.