Journal des maladies et troubles inflammatoires de l'intestin

Abstract

Gessella Pillar

Celiac Disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the small intestine, triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically
predisposed individuals. It is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, from gastrointestinal symptoms to extra-intestinal symptoms
such as anemia, osteoporosis, and neurological issues. The only effective treatment for CD is a strict, lifelong Gluten-free diet. However, monitoring
adherence to this diet and assessing disease activity present significant challenges. An international method for monitoring celiac disease involves
standardized approaches to diagnosis, follow-up, and management, incorporating serological, histological, and clinical evaluations.
The diagnosis of CD typically involves a combination of serological tests, genetic testing, and intestinal biopsy. The most common serological
markers include anti-tissue Trans Glutaminase (tTG) antibodies and anti-endo mysial antibodies. The presence of these antibodies suggests
an autoimmune response to gluten. Genetic testing can identify the presence of HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 haplotypes, which are necessary but
not sufficient for the development of CD. A definitive diagnosis often requires a biopsy of the small intestine to confirm villous atrophy and crypt
hyperplasia.